Egypt

Old Sayings

"Thanks to recognize the man who guided him to take justice his way"

Statements of the grand vizier Ptah Hotep

"The virtue of straight men is better than the sacrifice" give to god " of the unjust man"

Advice addressed to Prince Mricara
from his father, the pharaoh

"People may rejoice in time and may human has been working to perpetuate his name forever and ever .... Justice will return to its place and the injustice of denying the earth"

Words of Nfrroho, a wise ancient Egyptian

"The justice immortal mentioned, they come down with those held by to the grave ... but not his name be erased from the earth, but little over the years because of Justice"

From the story of the farmer from ahnasia

"What are you, O Amon fresh fountain that tells the thirst in the desert. It is a fountain unlocked and open for those who speak for those who invoke the silent, when it comes silent, it hopes to find a fountain there"

The wise ancient Egyptian

"Egypt is the gift of the Nile"

Greek historian Herodotus

"It must present generation of young people that read this book which looks at the history of the emergence of ethics after the dawn of conscience in Egypt"

American author Henry James Brestead 
author of "The dawn of conscience"

Origin of the name

Egypt's name in Arabic and other Semitic languages, is derived from the root of old Samitic could, may also mean the fortified. Has been known to Arabs as "Egypt." The name, which was known pharaohs of their country is concerned with Kimi " or cheme" " the black earth "metaphor for the black land of the Nile Valley and distinguish it from the desert lands.

the Hebrew name" Mizraim " מִצְרַיִםmentioned in the Old Testament in the Book of Genesis Mizraim is the son of Ham the son of Noah, an ancestor who descended from the Egyptian people.

Names known in European languages many derived from the name in Latin Ijptos Aegyptus derived in turn from Greek Oijeptus Αίγυπτος, the name is explained by some as a derivative of "Ha Ka Ptah" any place the spirit of the god Ptah, the name of the Temple of Ptah, the ancient capital of Memphis .

Geography of Egypt

Egypt covers an area of about one million square kilometers; 96% of the area of desert and 4% of the area fit for cultivation.

Terrain: Arab Republic of Egypt is divided geographically into four main sections are: 1 - Nile Valley and Delta.

2 - Western Sahara.

3 - Eastern Desert.

4 - Sinai Peninsula.

Population

Focus of most of the population of Egypt in the Nile Valley, especially in the cities of Cairo and Alexandria also live the rest of the population in the Delta and on both sides of the Nile Valley and on the coast of the Mediterranean and the Red Sea coast and the cities of the Suez Canal, Egypt has a population about 84 million people living mostly inside the Arab Republic of Egypt.

Composition of the population

The majority of the population of Egypt from the Egyptians and the estimated proportion of 99.4% of the total population, Egypt is set up any overall population is a multi-ethnic, assets and merge with each other socially, from this ethnic Nubians in the south and the Beja in the Red Sea and nomads in the Sinai as well as Armenians, Greeks, Italians, French and Turks Circassians, Albanians, and gypsies who have their numbers varied throughout the ages.

Language

Arabic is the official language of the country and spoken by the vast majority of the population. Historically speaking Egyptians to other languages such as hieroglyphics, ancient and dialects different through the form later Coptic language "is still used by the Coptic Christians in their prayers inside the church," speaking Nubians of two of the family of languages Nubian Kush also speaks Alsiuyon "people of the Siwa Oasis in the Eastern Desert" Language Alsewe Tamazight, spoken Alababda tribes and Alepesharion tribes and languages of the family of the Beja also found groups of gypsies speak the language Aledumary. In addition to what already has been found in different historical periods communities endemic in Egypt of Armenians in Egypt, Turks, Greeks, Italians have talked their languages and also English is spoken by many people and taught at all levels of education in government schools, as there are no schools taught curricula in foreign languages, different such as French, German and Italian.

Religions

Official religion of the country, according to the Constitution of 1971, is the Islamic religion and condemns about 90% of Egyptians to Islam and Christianity about 10% in addition to very small numbers of Jews, Baha'is, and the Shiites.

Religious institutions

In Egypt there are two religious institutions of the oldest and most important institutions for both religion : 1 - Al-Azhar: - is one of the pillars of Sunni Islam in the world, Sheikh Ahmad Al-Tayeb Sheikh Al-Azhar in present.

2 - Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the oldest Christian churches in the world and one of the churches, the first five, and the Church of Alexandria is the headquarters sits on the throne of St. Mark the Apostle, a Pope of Alexandria and Saint Mark Episcopate, and the current Pope is Pope Shenouda III, No. 117 in the number of popes who are on the chair of Saint Mark the Apostle .

Climate

Egypt is located in the dry tropical region, except within the northern temperate zone in the greenhouse climate Mediterranean Region, which is characterized by heat and drought in the summer months and moderate in winter and spring with little rain fall increasingly on the coast.

Annual average temperature in Lower Egypt, Winter 20 degrees Celsius during the day and 10 C at night and in summer the average temperature is approximately 35 degrees Celsius in the daytime and 23 degrees Celsius at night; In Upper Egypt, average maximum temperature in winter to 25 C and micro- 8 ° C either in the summer, average maximum temperature to 41 ° C either Minor up to 24 degrees Celsius almost. Consists of frost on the middle of the Sinai peninsula and on the plantations in central Egypt winter, while snow falls in winter on the mountains of Sinai and some coastal cities such as: Baltim, Damietta, and Alexandria, Sidi Brani.

Administrative division of Egypt

Egypt is divided administratively into 29 counties [province].

Cities and ports

The largest cities are Cairo - Alexandria - Port Said - Suez - Mahala - Asyut - Minya - Luxor.

There are in Egypt 32, including the seaport of Alexandria - Safaga - Marsa Alam - Al Ain Sukhna - Hurghada.

Egyptians Celebrities

President Gamal Abdel Nasser, leader of the July Revolution 1952 - President Muhammad Anwar al-Sadat, the hero of war and peace and winning the Nobel Peace Prize 1979 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali, former Secretary-General of the United Nations - Mohamed ElBaradei, head of the Nuclear Energy Agency and former winner of the Nobel Prize - a novelist and writer Naguib Mahfouz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988 - Ahmed Zewail Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 1999 - a heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub who live in Britain - Eng Hany Azer designer of Berlin's new station, trains, tunnels and other [follows]

edited by Nagy