October War Secrets and Facts (part 1)

The labels of the October War
Yom Kippur War - October Liberation War - Hebrew מלחמת יום הכיפורים Yom Kippur (the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur).
States participating in the war
1 - Egypt and Syria with the Arab world's support for them in the Soviet reserves.
2 - Israel is strong support, direct and effective United States of America.
The causes of war
The October War is one of the rounds of Arab-Israeli conflict, as envisaged by the leaders of Egypt with Syria to make war while allowing Israel to regain the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, which had been occupied by Israel in 1967, was the outcome of war is the destruction of the line Alon Bar Lev line in Sinai in the Golan, which Israel had spent six years following the war of June to strengthen their positions in the Golan and Sinai, and spent large sums of money to support a series of fortifications on their location in areas of the Golan Heights and the Suez Canal, known as the Bar Lev line.
On August 29, 1967 brought together the leaders of the Arab League conference in Khartoum, the Sudanese capital and issued a statement with the "three noes": no recognition of Israel, not to negotiate with them and refused to relations peaceful with them. On November 22, 1967, the Security Council adopted Resolution 242 calling for Israeli withdrawal from the territories (the Arabic version of Resolution 242 with the word of the land while the land the English word) busy in June 1967 with the requirement that Israel's neighboring Arab countries to recognize it and its borders. In September 1968, renewed fighting in the lines of very limited ceasefire between Israel and Egypt and Syria, including the "war of attrition, forcing the U.S. to propose plans for a peaceful settlement in the Middle East , USA and Secretary of State William Rogers had proposed three plans of both sides of the plan the first on December 9, 1969 and June 1970 and October 4, 1971.'s first initiative was rejected on all sides and Egypt has announced its approval for the Rogers Plan second to be given more time to equip the army and complement the missile shield for the battle ahead, took this agreement to cease hostilities in the Suez Canal area, but did not reach Israel's government to a clear decision on this plan. The September 28, 1970 died, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Anwar Sadat, has been appointed President of the Republic. In February 1971, Anwar Sadat gave the United Nations sent Iaring Gunnar, who conducted the negotiations between Israel and Egypt, the Rogers Plan II, the conditions for reaching a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt, the most significant Israeli withdrawal to the borders of June 4, 1967. Israel has rejected conditions which led to a stalemate in negotiations. In 1973 decided the Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Syrian President Hafez Assad, to resort to war to regain the ground lost by the Arabs in the war in 1967. The plan was designed to trust the intelligence of the Egyptian and Syrian intelligence in planning the war and to mislead the security and intelligence agencies, American and Israeli surprise attack, Israel is expected in both the Egyptian and Syrian front, and this is what happened, where the lightning was a surprise to the Israelis.
The balance of power
Egypt
Egypt cracked the organization of its military forces after the war of attrition, where the command cancels the eastern military resolve instead of two leaders of the field armies are the second army in the field and the Third Army in the field and direction Gaza port said, the military and the leaders of the Red Sea area, the military and military areas in the rest of Egypt.
Second Field Army
Armored Division - Mechanical Engineering Task Force - Infantry Division - Infantry Division - Infantry Division
Third Army Field
Infantry Division - Infantry Division - an armored division of the Fifth Infantry Division (SSD independent)
Syria
Syria is armed with sophisticated weapons, and have been very effective anti-aircraft missiles and air defense network is very strong and paralyzed the Israeli aircraft during the war led her to destroy and remove a large quantity of Israeli aircraft, and was the army Syria had achieved in the distribution and proliferation in the upper divisions of three helped to advance that goal from different sectors of the Syrian army in the bottom of the front.
First Armored Division - Armored Division III - Fifth Infantry Division - Infantry Division VII - Ninth Infantry Division
Israel
The Israelis have spent about 268 million U.S. dollars to create a series of forts, roads and services fund called Bar Lev line to defend the east bank of the canal. We have expanded the defenses more than 160 km along the east coast north of Port Fouad channel to the top of an obelisk in the Gulf of Suez, and a depth of 3,035 km to the east.
These defenses flat roof of about 5000 km 2 and contains a system of bunkers and obstacles and strong fields of landmines, tanks, and consisted of the fortified area of several lines with the administrative and meeting areas armor and artillery positions, and Hawk anti-aircraft and anti-aircraft artillery, and water pipes, and the length of the road network of 750 km. assembly areas and armored vehicles stationed at distances from 50 to 30 km east of the canal. 240, also prepared the site for long-range artillery and medium term, was one of 30 sites are already occupied. This defense was based in the northern Mediterranean. In the Central Mountains in the mountains of south central Sinai lack of knowledge and the Gulf of Suez.
The canal water is an obstacle in front of thousands of men, which is required to cross a large administrative effort and good planning and great difficulty in crossing, and deaths from accidents and hostile fire. Is deep and wide extension is impossible to cross without the means to cross the private, but bad luck Israeli, Egyptian forces did not cross in place on schedule by Israel.
Israelis Try to develop a system designed to convert the channel trench burning, through the development of underground tanks and piping the oil pump is the prose on the surface of the channel, when it comes to light oil become a barrier called the fortified point. However, the Egyptians were carried out operations against frogmen this system, blocking pipes and Attloha work.
The first obstacle is the defensive side of the concrete channel (Almaxap beaches) that are designed to cover the sandy beach, which rises one meter above the water surface at high tide and six feet in the case of low tide. This reduces the barrier to entry and exit from the channel light amphibious vehicles that can be lifted mechanically or individuals on the other hand, in practice, requires the use of mobile military bridges designed to cross rivers. According to General Dayan was the channel itself, and one of the best available anti-tank ditches and fortified on aspects of the canal, the Israelis created a huge dirt berm extended along the face of the eastern bank of South Kantara. Embankment height varies from 10 m, 25, was used as a means to conceal the Israeli actions, and is designed to prevent the transit of amphibious vehicles, thanks to the strong inclination.
This is the front curtain first of three, and includes sites for the discharge of artillery and armored vehicles of every hundred meters, and contained 22 of 31 fortified sites strengths, about 15 of a circle of barbed wire separated by fields mines, and early alarms and booby traps. The geometric pattern of strengths is complex, consisting of several floors, built to reach the top of the curtain, and includes facilities, each strength, the line of medical equipment in the first group of doctors and bathrooms and center for writing, printing, cinema, gym and entertainment. Each stage of strength is composed of several bars railway bunkers of concrete and steel plates, and is separated from other shelters layers of steel bars reinforced with concrete, sand and stone baskets thickness of two to three meters. All concrete Dashmp equipped fire artillery and tanks, and has several slots to launch sector allowing fire chief, and bunkers linked by deep trenches filled transport steel sheets and sand _kaer, and had to this point strengthened ability to withstand a bomb weighing one thousand pounds and all reserve requirements, may resist any major attack. In the back of the line was a system of minefields focus on strengths, but it was not a complete system. It is likely that these areas are covered tank Bmassatab on bridges and major bridges on the line II. The second line of bridges designed to defend against attacks that manage to penetrate the first bridges, and along the main axis was a line of berms third parties to provide an extra blanket and secondary fires for areas with important tactics. And behind the defensive lines, had reserves of movement of light in the rear, and most of the push. To facilitate the lightness of movement established a dense network of roads for the rapid movement of troops. The road was accidental (1), which advocates Xhexon Lexicon is at a distance of about 1000 meters from the canal, which is designed to connect the dots powerful Bar-Lev Line. Cross the street and called the number (2) by artillery, and was used only for the occasional movement of artillery, and stationed east of the centers of six-party command and control, to control the line of points Bar Lev strong line.
The size of the Israeli forces against the front of Egypt:
A. Forces charged with defending northern Sinai
252 Operations Group, consisting of 4 Armoured Brigade, the infantry brigade, infantry brigade, the Nahal battalion (for the defense of vital areas.) In addition to the support arms is 3 0.3 artillery battalion battalion battalion heavy mortar and anti-tank missiles, and administrative and technical elements.
Distributed in three formats:
1 - the first operation pattern: an infantry brigade, an armored brigade, battalion deployed Nahal strengths, and available reserves (up to 5 km)
2 - Presentation II operational: two battalions of the armored brigade distributed, deep in the Sinai at major intersections.
3 - reserve, the Rafah infantry brigade and an armored brigade in Tmada (after packing)
The total number of important pieces in this volume of the troops, about 491 battle tanks, 0,216 half field gun and mortar, and after the completion of packing.
B - South Sinai
"The power of the Marshall veteran paratroopers, 99 Infantry Brigade and the armored brigade (composed of four battalions of tanks, seized the Arab from the front of Egyptian and Syrian war in June 1967 after processing gun 105 mm used in the armored forces of Israel)
C. The size of the Israeli forces mandated to carry out strikes on the Egyptian front desk, or concentrating on Sinai, in the case of discovery of the intentions of the Egyptian forces to attack:
1.3 Group Operations Command (full brigade and works as a strategic reserve stationed in Israel, so they decided against the Front, which focuses a great effort to fight first.
2.5 armored brigade.
2.3 mechanized infantry brigade.
4.1 Infantry Brigade.
5.1 paratrooper brigade.
The total of these forces of the most requested at:
About 649 medium-sized battle tanks, up to 272 guns and mortars.
Full of the same forces of callee reserves, and works as a strategic reserve, based in Israel, even determines the frontal approach against serious efforts to combat the first, transported by tankers to the areas of interoperability Open to initiate hostilities, which usually takes 3 5 days. (Morning after the war and separate air strike, and the rest of the events of the war and the gap and U.S. documents about the war and its consequences)
idea by Hany edited by Nagy